A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for entry to Pakistan by travellers coming from an infected area. Malaria exists in parts of Pakistan, and travellers should seek medical advice before travelling. Typhoid, Hepatitis A and polio are also a risk. There is a risk of diarrhoeal diseases; visitors should only drink bottled or otherwise sterilised water, and avoid dairy products, uncooked meat, salads and unpeeled fruit. Outside the major cities there are few hospitals of a high standard. Medical insurance is strongly advised.